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The study aimed to examine the achievements of King Al-Adid (Umayyad dynasty) 41-132 AH - 661-750 AD. The study included an introduction to the importance of the subject of the study, which is - highlighting the cultural role that this family played in terms of a valuable civilization during the period of their rule, drawing inspiration from sermons and lessons from their struggles. They presented some of the martyrs in the greatest Islamic battles, and although the Umayyads had great achievements, they were not spared from the statements of the rejectionists, the envious, and the hatred of those who disagreed with them in their opinion regarding how to judge that the Islamic conquests reached the lands of China and India and raised the call to prayer in the farthest countries of the East. All of this was during their era. Its goals are the cultural achievements of the Umayyad kings, including the foundations of rule, architecture, art, poetry, the Arabic language, the Holy Qur’an, and attention to the Sunnah of the Prophet. As well as the greatest social achievements of the Umayyads in helping the disabled and people with special needs, the cultural renaissance that appeared during the era of that Islamic empire in some material and theoretical sciences - and the economic reforms that they carried out, such as minting currency, improving agriculture and irrigation, and establishing some dams, and the greatest architectural achievements, expanding the Mosque in Mecca and building a mosque. The Rock in Al-Aqsa Al-Sharif, the first of the two Qiblas and the second of the Two Holy Mosques, to highlight what they presented to the Arabic language, as they translated the collections with it, and to highlight their role and sense of security in protecting the institutions of government and protecting trade convoys and pilgrims to the Sacred House of God. Research hypotheses: Was luxury, extravagance, and comfortable living a feature of the period of Umayyad rule? Was luxury the main reason for the conditions of rule in the first Islamic state and empire? Was this luxury a herald of corruption and the reason for the dysfunction of the ruling systems in a period of the history of their rule and the tendency of their state to pyramid? This luxury made the owners of ancient relics and those with doctrinal problems distort the history of that period. The study recommended shedding more light on the achievements of the Umayyad period, which many historians did not pay attention to, preparing more conferences on this subject, |
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