http://dspace.mahdi.edu.sd:8080/xmlui//xmlui/handle/123456789/685 2026-04-07T14:39:13Z 2026-04-07T14:39:13Z Mohammed Elnour, Ahmed Hanafy Mahmoud, Aleya Darwish El-Borgy, Mohamed Eltahir Fadelella, , Nur Eldin Mohamed Reda Moussa, Mayada http://dspace.mahdi.edu.sd:8080/xmlui//xmlui/handle/123456789/762 2021-09-18T13:50:17Z 2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment of Environmental Health Services in the White Nile State main hospitals, Sudan Mohammed Elnour, Ahmed; Hanafy Mahmoud, Aleya; Darwish El-Borgy, Mohamed; Eltahir Fadelella, , Nur Eldin; Mohamed Reda Moussa, Mayada Hospital environmental sanitation plays an important role in controlling infection inside the hospitals for patients, visitors, staff, and community. In order to prevent hospitals infection certain measures should be followed such as, maintaining a hygienic internal and external hospital environment. Descriptive study conducted in Kosti, Rabak, and Eduiem hospitals represent the main hospitals at White Nile State in Sudan. The study aimed at the assessment of environmental sanitation. A descriptive study design to assess the environmental sanitation at the three selected hospitalsAn assessment checklist, pre-designed and published by the WHO in 2008.Observation sheet, a predesigned and precoded structural interviewing questionnaire were used to investigate the environmental health aspects at the three hospitals, assess the main site characteristics, outside and inside sources of environmental pollution were assessed in the three hospitals.The employees were interviewed regarding environmental services. The study results showed that the three hospitals are located at an easily accessible site. There were no paved roads surrounding the three hospitals, there is no barking areas and no landscaping, there are no sources of pollution as ( public toilets, markets, refuse containers, sewage overflow, barns and stables, factories, railway station, bus stop, cemeteries, garbage dump sites, water treatment plant, wastewater treatment plants, mobile telephone stations, high voltage transmission, and industrial area) in two of the three hospitals (Rabak and Eduiem hospitals), markets, bus stops, and mobile telephone station are near Kosti hospital. Adequacy of ventilation, sufficiency of lighting, and noise general scores, poor in Kosti hospital (45.5%) and fair in Rabak and Eduiem hospitals (54.5%). Laundry services and kitchens were not applicable in the three hospitals. The level of cleanliness in wards and operation areas is good in the three hospitals. Mice, cockroaches, housefly, cats were present in the three hospitals and donkey in Kosti and Eduiem hospitals. Insecticides used as vector control in the three hospitals. The study recommended that surrounding building should be maintained to provide full protection from animals entering the hospitals, sufficient, maintained, and cleaned toilets,good lighting both natural and artificial, ventilation and cleaning must be of a high standard in hospital units.Laundry and kitchens must be initiated in well-designed taken into account health and environmental requirements needs

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z Ahmed Mohammed Nasr, Kirya http://dspace.mahdi.edu.sd:8080/xmlui//xmlui/handle/123456789/761 2021-09-18T13:46:36Z 2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of EFL Learners Ahmed Mohammed Nasr, Kirya Nowadays, the most important aspect of language learning is how to express your ideas fluently in the target language in order to be understood by native speakers. To reach this aim, foreign language learners should know how to use different words and phrases in sentences. In other words, they should be familiarized with the grammatical points in the target language which have been overlooked in the recent years. Grammar learning and speaking are two significant poles in foreign language acquisition. It seems they are nearly related activities, but various opinions are expressed about the underlying relationship between these two components of language learning. Some indicate a positive relationship between grammar learning and ability to speak a foreign language and others depicts no and even a negative connection between these two aspects of language acquisition. This paper tries to have a brief review on the literature to investigate whether grammar learning and speaking influence one another. The results suggest that scholars have opposing views about this issue; however, most of them believe that grammar learning can have a positive effect on speaking a foreign language. At the end, the opinions of some Sudanese EFL learners (about 30 boys and girls) are presented as well to clarify the purpose of the study better.

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z إبراهيم يحيى إدريس, عثمان http://dspace.mahdi.edu.sd:8080/xmlui//xmlui/handle/123456789/760 2021-09-18T13:44:16Z 2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

مفهوم العبارة أنواعها وظيفتها - دراسة وصفية دلالية تحليلية نحوية إبراهيم يحيى إدريس, عثمان تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية العبارة أنواعها ووظيفتها التخاطبية- دراسة وصفية، وهي تحاول الوقوف على مفهوم العبارة، والخطاب نظريا وتحدد أنواع العبارة، وتبين عناصرها المؤسسة، وظيفتها الدلالية ، وتتبعت الورقة في ذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد قسمت الدراسة إلى محورين، المحور الأول يبين مفهوم العبارة والخطاب والمحور الثاني يتناول العبارة أنواعها ومكوناتها وظيفتها الخطابية، وتوصلت إلى نتائج أهمها ، التأكيد على دور العبارة مكونًا تخاطبيًّا، وتعدد أنماط العبارة وتنوعها، وأن العناصر المؤسسة للعبارة،هي أقسام الكلام من اسم وفعل وحرف، وأنَّ الوظيفة التخاطبية للعبارة تتعدد بحسب الموقع الذي تشغله، وظيفة العبارة الدلالية هي الإفصاح عن معنى نحويِّ نحو الفاعلية والمفعولية، وغيرها. كلمات مفتاحية: العبارة، المسند – المسند إليه – الكلمة This research paper, descriptively, studies the phrase, its types and communicative function. It tries to explore theoretically the concept of phrase and speech; determine the different types of the phrase; explain its structural elements and its semantic function. However, the paper uses the descriptive method which involves description and analysis. This study is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the concept of the phrase and the speech; the second section includes the phrase, its types, structure, and its communicative function. The study is concluded with the findings which emphasize the role of the phrase as communicative constituent and its diversified types. Moreover, the study highlights that

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z عبدالرحمن أبوالحسن أبوالقاسم, الخاتم http://dspace.mahdi.edu.sd:8080/xmlui//xmlui/handle/123456789/759 2021-09-18T13:41:46Z 2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

الطلاق البدعي من واقع قانون الأحوال الشخصية للمسلمين 1993 عبدالرحمن أبوالحسن أبوالقاسم, الخاتم الطلاق البدعي هو الطلاق الذي لايوافق السنة، وهو من أنواع الطلاق التي أتفق الفقهاء على حرمتها, وإن كانوا قد اختلفوا في وقوعه، على أن المستقرئ واقع القانون السوداني يجد أنه ذهب فيه مذهب الجمهور، وهو اعتباره واقعاً, وذلك عند تناول القانون الحالات التي لايقع فيها الطلاق ، حيث ذكر الحالات التي يعتبر القانون فيها الطلاق غير واقع, لكنه لم يذكر معها الطلاق ألبدعي, وهذا صمت في موضع الحاجة إلي بيان, يستخلص منه أن القانون لايعدّه ضمن الحالات التي يقع فيها الطلاق. كما تناول القانون شروط وقوع الطلاق ولم يذكر ضمنها أن يكون الطلاق وفقا للسنة, حتي يُخرج الطلاق ألبدعي, وبهذا يكون القانون السوداني قد اختار وقوع هذا النوع من الطلاق. كما أن المستقرئ واقع القانون السوداني. يجد أنه وبحكمه بايقاع الطلاق البدعي قد خالف القواعد الفقهية المحكّمة على سائره. تدرس هذه الورقة الطلاق ألبدعي, وحكمه, واختلاف الفقهاء في إيقاعه, مع ما اختاره القانون السوداني, كما تدرس القواعد الفقهيه الحاكمة للقانون ، وفرضية مخالفة القانون هذه القواعد بحكمه بوقوع هذا النوع من الطلاق. The divorce which doesn’t agree with the prophet’s sayings (Sunnah) is considered one of the many kind of divorces that jurisprudents agreed upon its forbiddingness, although they didn’t agree upon its happening. This is in accordance that the reader of the Sudanese law finds it goes like the trend of the public, which considered it as a reality (The divorce). This is when the law takes the cases that don't cause divorce. Since it mentions the cases in which the law doesn't accept the occurrence of divorce, but it didn’t mention the divorce that doesn’t agree with Sunnah, and this is silence in the position of need for clarification to elicit from it that the law doesn’t consider it among the cases that causes divorce

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z